Hindu Administrative Institutions c6.s5.9

c6.s5.9

number varied. The territory consists of eight different kinds of which the grāma or the village was one. The fortresses also are of several kinds. The treasury consists of treasure, inferior metals, and precious stones. Daṇḍa is the four-fold army. The mitra is hereditary (sahaja), hostile (kṛtrima), and natural (prākṛta mitra); each helps the other in function and is inter-dependent like the three worlds and oceans, त्रिविष्टब्धकवत् (Srimulam Com., vol. ii, p. 224). (Kauṭalya speaks respectively of prakṛti sampat and prakṛti vyasana in Bk. vi, sec. 1, and Bk. viii, sec. 1. Here the nature and qualities of the elements of sovereignty as well as their difficulties and distresses are examined).