The Army of the Indian Moghuls: Its Organization and Administration c5.8

c5.8

In the Āīn, i, 50, we are told of eight ensigns of royalty, of which the first four were reserved exclusively for the sovereign. The use of the others might, we must assume, be granted to subjects. The eight ensigns are — (1) Aurang, the throne; (2) Chatr, the State umbrella; (3) Sāibān or Āftābgīr, a sunshade; (4) Kaukabah (plate ix, Nº. 2); (5) ʿAlam, or flag; (6) Chatr-tok, or yak-tails; (7) Tūman-tok, another shape of yak-tails; (8) Jhanda, or Indian flag. To these we must add (9) Māhī-o-marātib, or the fish and dignities.