The Army of the Indian Moghuls: Its Organization and Administration c9.15

c9.15

*Mighfar* is defined (Steingass, 1281) as mail, or a network of steel worn under the cap or hat, or worn in battle as a protection for the face, also a helmet. It is evidently the long piece of mail hanging down from the helmet over the neck and back, as shown in N°. 45, plate xii, of the *Āīn*, vol. i, and called there and on p. 111, N°. 54, the *zīrhkulāh* (cap of mail). It was through the *mighfār* that, according to Ghulām ʿAlī Khān’s history, the arrow passed which wounded ʿAbdullah Khān, Qutb-ul-Mulk, just before he was taken a prisoner at the battle of Ḥasanpur (13th Nov., 1720), and the following verse brings in the word, as also the *joshan*: —