Life in Ancient India as Depicted in the Jain Canons, with Commentaries: An Administrative, Economic, Social and Geographical Survey c13.s2.1

c13.s2.1

The Jains have memorable achievements in secular sciences, such as mathematics, astronomy and astrology. The *Suriyapannatti* and the *Candapannatti*, the fifth and the seventh *Upāṅgas* of the Jain Canon respectively, deal with astronomy, the latter being completely identical with the former. The *Suriyapannatti* deals with various astronomical views of the Jains such as the orbits which the sun circumscribes during the year, the rising and the setting of the sun, the speed of the course of the sun through each of its 184 cubits, the light of the sun and moon, the measure of the shadow at various seasons of the year, the connection of the moon with the lunar mansions (*naksatra*), the waxing and waning of the moon, the velocity of the five kinds of heavenly bodies (the sun, the moon, planets, *naksatras* and *tārās*), the qualities of the moon light, the number of suns in Jambudvīpa, etc.²⁶ *Vivāhapadala* was another work on astrology.²⁷ Then we had *Joṇipāhuḍa*²⁸ and *Cūḍāmaṇi*²⁹ dealing with astrology.