Life in Ancient India as Depicted in the Jain Canons, with Commentaries: An Administrative, Economic, Social and Geographical Survey c13.s3.8

c13.s3.8

The physicians carried their bags of surgical instruments⁴¹ (*satthakosa*) and gave various treatment according to the nature of the disease by treating the patient by methods such as rubbing with oil (*abbhanga*), rubbing with powder (*uvvattana*), oil drinks (*sinehapāna*), vomiting (*vamana*) purging, (*vireyana*), branding (*avaddahana*), medicated baths (*avanhāna*), oil enema (*anuvāsana*), head bath (*bathikamma*), purging by drugs (*nirūha*), opening veins (*sirāveha*), cutting (*tacchana*), scrapping (*pacchana*), bathing the head with oils (*sirobathi*), nourishing the body with oils (*tappana*), by means of ingredients roasted on fire by *putapāka* method, barks, roots, bulbs, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, bitters (*silikā*), pills, drugs (*osaha*) and mixtures (*bhesajja*).⁴²