Hindu Polity: A Constitutional History of India in Hindu Times c16.30

c16.30

§ 67. That they existed before the time of Kātyāyana as a league is proved by his *vārttika* and the comments of Patañjali on Pāṇini *Khaṇḍikādibhyaścha* (IV. 2. 45). The league did not exist in the time of Pāṇini as he does not provide a form for their united army. Kātyāyana supplied this, and removed what he found in his time a deficiency. Their united names did exist in the Gaṇapāṭha as it was found by Patañjali, for Patañjali says, "*Kshudraka-Mālava-śabdaḥ Khaṇḍikādishu paṭhyate*," "*in the Khaṇḍikā group 'Kshudraka-"Mālava' expression is read (found)*." Patañjali quotes an old verse which holds that the Kshudraka-Mālava is not a *gotra* or tribal expression. It also gives a rule of Āpiśali which the author of the verse considers applicable to the Kshudraka-Mālava but the rule itself does not know them.³