Hindu Polity: A Constitutional History of India in Hindu Times c26.43

c26.43

§ 153. In addition to the evidence of the coins and the inscriptions on the question of migration of these republics to Rajputana there is the evidence of the Mahā-Bhārata. In the Sabhā-Parvan (Ch. XXXII), the Mālavas, the Śibis, and the Trigartas are placed in Rajputana (*M a r u*), while in another place (Ch. LII) they are in the Punjab. Evidently Chapter LII (describing the Rājasūya) is based on earlier authorities. There the Śibis, Trigartas, Yaudheyas, Rājanyas, and Madras are mentioned along with the people of Kaśmīra and Kekaya; and the Ambaṣṭhas are placed in the same group as the Kshudrakas and Mālavas. In Chapter XXXII (in the Digvijaya) the Śibis, Trigartas and Mālavas are given along with the Daśārṇas and Mādhyamakeyas. The Mādhyamakeyas were the people of the town Madhyamikā near Nagari in the Udaipur state where Madhyamikā coins have been found in large numbers. Evidently Madhyamikā had not yet passed under the Śibis and was at the time the seat of a separate political community. In the route onwards the river Sarasvatī and the Matsya Country (Alwar) are mentioned. All these Gaṇas then were in Rajputana extending between Sind and the Vindhyas. It is noticeable that though the Śibis, Trigartas and Ambaṣṭhas do appear with the Mālavas in Rajputana, the Kshudrakas do not.