Hindu Law and Custom (Recht und Sitte) c8.7

c8.7

According to other authors only the following three are the legitimate means of livelihood common to all the castes: inheritance, presents and the dowry of a wife. This classification of the means of livelihood is crossed by another, probably of later origin, according to which there are (1) seven white means of livelihood, namely, religious learning, bravery, mortification of the flesh, (the dowry of a) bride, teaching, sacrifice and inheritance; (2) seven spotted means of livelihood, namely, lending money, agriculture, trade, the nuptial fee (for a girl), crafts, service and wages (for a service rendered); (3) seven black means of livelihood, namely, bribe, gambling, bearing message, (causing) pain, forgery, robbery and fraud (Nār. 1,44-49. Cf. Vi. 58). The profits gained by the employment of property, specially in sacrifices and other religious deeds, depend to a large