History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v1.c6.s8.2

v1.c6.s8.2

Bühler in his second edition of the Āpastamba-dharmasūtra (1893) gave (in appendix II) the various readings of the Hiraṇyakeśi-dharmasūtra from two MSS. I secured a modern transcript of the Hiraṇyakeśi-dharmasūtra from the Deccan College collection (No 138 of 1881-82), which contains the text and also the commentary of Mahādeva thereon. There are 18 folios for the sūtra and 101 for the commentary. That ms. presents some readings which are not noticed by Bühler as found in the two mss. consulted by him. For example, the ms. reads "saptama āyuṣkāmamaṣṭame brahmavarcasakāmam (reversing the order of years in Āp. I. 1. 1. 21-22), omits the words "yadi snāyāt daṇḍavat plavet' (from Āp. I. 1. 2. 30.), reads 'vastrāṇyeva vasītobhaya &c.' (Āp. I. 1. 3. 9 omits vasīta), reads 'gurave' for 'ācāryāya' in Āp. I. 1. 3. 31. The ms. of the Hiraṇyakeśi-dharmasūtra contains certain additions to the sūtras of Āpastamba. For example, a sūtra 'kṣāralavaṇa-madhu-māṁsāni ca varjayet' is added after Āp. II. 9. 22. 14, a sūtra 'teṣāṁ pūjā śreyasyātmanaḥ kāryā' occurs after Āp. II. 9. 25. 8, and the sūtra 'sarva-dharmāṇām svadharmānuṣṭhānāniyameṣu ca yuktaḥ syāt' occurs after Āp. II. 9. 25. 13. The manuscript contains a few verses, that are not found in the Āpastambadharmasūtra, introduced by the words 'athāpyudāharanti¹⁰³,' (except in one case viz. 'putreṇa, &c.) The manuscript also omits certain sūtras found in Āp. e. g. 'varṇajyāyasāṁ cetarair varṇaiḥ' (Āp. II. 5. 11. 8), 'anyatra rāhudarśanāt' (Āp. II. 7. 17. 25), 'athopanayanaṁ tata udakopasparśanam' (Ap. I. 1. 1. 36.). In the case of some sūtras the readings of Hiraṇyakeśin present a smoother and more classical Sanskrit than that of Āpastamba and are manifestly attempts to bring them in a line with the requirements of the śiṣṭas at the time when the Āpastambasūtras were taken over into the Hiraṇyakeśi school. Hiraṇyakeśisūtra has 'pādonam' and 'ardhonam' for 'padūnam' and 'ardhena' of Āpastamba (I. 1. 2. 13-14), 'asandarśane' for 'asandarśe' (Āp. I. 1. 2. 29), 'aglāniḥ' for 'aglāṁsnuḥ' (Āp. I. 1. 3. 22), 'prakṣālayet' for 'prakṣālayīta' (Āp. I. 1. 3. 36), 'kartṛpatyam' for 'kartapatyam' (Āp. I. 2. 5.3) 'yathāśakti' for 'śaktiviṣayeṇa' (Āp. II. 5. 12. 1). Another noticeable feature is that the arrangement of the sūtras into subsections is a good deal different in the two works. Bühler notes that from the 13th khaṇḍikā (6th paṭala) of the second praśna both the manuscripts consulted by him do not indicate the *paṭalas*. The Deccan College manuscript does not number them from the second paṭala in the second *praśna*. The number of paṭalas in the first *praśna* of Hiraṇyakeśi is eight, while Āpastamba has eleven paṭalas in each of the *two praśnas*. The distribution of sūtras in the khaṇḍikās is therefore different in the two works. Hiraṇyakeśi has 31 khaṇḍikās in the first *praśna* and 20 in the second. Besides a few of the khaṇḍikās are differently placed. The first khaṇḍikā of Hiraṇyakeśi (first *praśna*) stops after Āp. I. 1. 2. 1, the third reaches up to Āp. I. 1. 4. 6; Āp. I. 8. 22 and 23 (the adhyātmapaṭala) come in Hiraṇyakeśi immediately after Āp. I. 6. 19 and are Hiraṇya. I. 6. 20; Āp. I. 7. 20 and 21=Hir. I. 6. 21-22; Āp. I. 9. 24 and 25. 1--4=Hir. I. 6. 23; Āp. I. 9. 25. 4-13 and I. 9. 26. 1-10=Hir. I. 7. 24; Āp. I. 9. 26. 11-14 and I. 9. 27=Hir. I. 7. 25; Āp. I. 10. 28=Hir. I. 7. 26; Āp. I. 11. 31. 1-10=Hir. I. 8. 29; Āp. I. 11. 31. 11-23=