History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v3.c40.105

v3.c40.105

I. 160-165, Veda-Vyāsa III. 50-54, Brahmapurāṇa quoted by Aparārka pp. 1177-79 and other works:—one who has not kept the sacred (śrauta and gṛhya) fires, a miser (who stints even his parents, children, wife through greed), one imprisoned (or fettered), a thief, an impotent person, a wrestler (or one who subsists by going on the stage), a *vaiṇa* i. e. a worker in bamboo (or *naṭa* according to Viśvarūpa), a singer, an actor, an *abhiśasta* (one charged with having committed a mahāpātaka), a usurer, a courtezan, a *saṅgha* or a *gaṇa* (group or band of roguish brāhmaṇas or others), one who is initiated for a Vedic sacrifice (till he has not bought soma or has not offered an animal to Agni and Soma; *vide* Āp. Dh. S. I. 6. 18. 23-26 which quote the Ait. Br.), a physician (who subsists by the practice of medicine), a surgeon, a fowler, a hunter (for selling flesh), one suffering from an incurable disease, one who is irascible or cruel, an unchaste woman, a *matta* (one intoxicated or puffed up by wealth and learning), an enemy, an *ugra* (one ferocious in look or words or a man of that caste), *patita* (an outcast), *vrātya* (*vide* pp. 376-379 above), a hypocrite (or swindler), one who eats the remnants of others' food (or of a śūdra), a woman whose husband is not living and who has no son, a goldsmith, a hen-pecked husband, one who serves as a priest to the whole village, a vendor of weapons, a blacksmith, a niṣāda, a tailor, a *śvavṛtti* (one subsisting by keeping dogs, or one who does menial service), a king,¹⁸⁸² a king's *purohita*, a *rajaka* (a washerman or dyer), an ungrateful person, one who makes his livelihood by killing animals, a distiller or seller of liquors, one who stays in the same house with his wife's paramour, one who sells the *soma* plant, a back-biter, a liar, an oil-presser, a bard, a son-in-law (as long as he has no son or child),¹⁸⁸³ a sonless man (Mit. on Yāj. III. 290 quoting Likhita), one who starts a sacrifice without studying the Veda, a woman sacrificer, a carpenter, one who makes his living by astrology, one whose duty is to ring bells (for reminding the king of the time or awakening him), a grāmakūṭa (a village officer, Aparārka p. 239), a *parivitti*, a *parividāna*, the husband of a śūdra woman or of a remarried widow, the son of a *punarbhū*, a worker in hides, a potter, a spy, one who becomes an ascetic without following the rules laid down for that *āśrama*, a lunatic, one who has sat down at his debtor's house in *dharṇa*. Manu IV. 222 prescribes a fast for three days if a brāhmaṇa partakes of the food of these unknowingly, but the *kṛcchra* (*Prājāpatya*) for knowingly doing so. Baud. Dh. S. II. 3. 10 prescribes the *japa* of Ṛg. IX. 58 (*tarat sa mandī*) for eating the food of one from whom it should not have been taken. Manu XI. 253 and Viṣṇu Dh. S. 56. 6 do the same.