History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v4.c62.104

v4.c62.104

⁵⁷ सांख्यं योगो लोकायतं चेत्यान्वीक्षिकी । ... बलाबले चैतासां हेतुभिरन्वीक्षमाणा लोकस्योपकरोति व्यसनेऽभ्युदये च बुद्धिमवस्थापयति प्रज्ञावाक्यक्रियावैशारद्यं च करोति । प्रदीपः सर्वविद्यानामुपायः सर्वकर्मणाम् । आश्रयः सर्वधर्माणां शश्वदान्वीक्षिकी मता ॥ अर्थशास्त्र I. 2. This last verse occurs in वात्स्यायनभाष्य on न्यायसूत्र I. 1. 1, where the 4th pāda is विद्योद्देशे प्रकीर्तिता. Some read आन्वीक्षकी (Jolly's ed. of अर्थशास्त्र) but आन्वीक्षिकी seems to be more grammatical and to be the reading of most classical works. The Trivandrum ed. reads आन्वीक्षिकी. Patañjali in his Mahābhāṣya has a sentence वर्णिका भागुरी लोकायतस्य (Bhāguri expounds the Lokāyata system), vol. III p. 325 on Pāṇini VII. 3. 45. Later on Lokāyata came to be identified with atheistic views that denied the existence of a soul or the next world. Śaṅkara on Vedāntasūtra II. 2. 1 and (*Continued from last page*) III. 3. 53 and 54 states that the Laukāyatikas held the view that consciousness is a quality of the body (and there is no soul over and above the body). The Tantravārtika runs them down as fools and apes (on Jaimini 1. 3. 3). In the Rāmāyaṇa Rāma asks Bharata not to resort to Lokāyatika brāhmaṇas, who, though childish, look upon themselves as learned and who relying on the knowledge acquired by Ānvīkṣikī speak nonsense in spite of the fact that there are principal Dharmaśāstras (that point out the sensible path). कच्चिन्न लोकायतिकान् ब्राह्मणांस्तात सेवसे । अनर्थकुशला ह्येते बालाः पण्डितमानिनः ॥ धर्मशास्त्रेषु मुख्येषु विद्यमानेषु दुर्बुधाः । बुद्धिमन्वीक्षिकीं प्राप्य निरर्थं प्रवदन्ति ते ॥ अयोध्याकाण्ड 100. 38-39. The Kāmasūtra (I. 2. 30) says that the Laukāyatikas hold that a kārṣāpaṇa (copper coin) which one is certain of is better than a niṣka (a gold coin) which is doubtful. वरं सांशयिकान्निष्कादसैशयिकः कार्षापण इति लौकायविकाः । कामसूत्र I. 2. 30. Rājaśekhara in his Kāvyamīmāṁsā p. 37 (Gaekwad's O. series, ed. of 1934) refers to the opinion of the Laukāyatika logicians that the consciousness in human beings arises from the *bhūtas* (elements) just as the power of intoxication (in wine) is due to the mixture of several ingredients (none of which may by itself be intoxicating). The Nītivākyāmṛta p. 76 remarks "the Lokāyatika view leads to the effectuation of worldly affairs, for the king is able to uproot the thorns of the country by the help of Lokāyata". ऐहिकव्यवहारप्रसाधनपरं लोकायतिकम् । लोकायततो हि राजा राष्ट्रकण्टकानुच्छेदयति । नीतिवा. p. 76. Vide J. R. A. S. for 1917 p. 175 n. 2, article on लोकायत in J. A. O. S. 1930 p. 132 ff., H. Dh. vol. II p. 359 n.; 'Historical Notices of the Lokāyatas' in the Silver Jubilee vol. of the B. O. R. Institute, Poona pp. 386-397.