History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v4.c62.160.3

v4.c62.160.3

Kauṭilya (XII. 1) declares¹⁰⁰ that there are three kinds of invaders, viz. *dharmavijayin* (who is satisfied with mere submission or obeisance), *lobhavijayin* (who is satisfied with gain in land and money), *asuravijayin* (who is not satisfied with land and money only but robs the defeated king of his son, wife and life). The Nītivākyāmṛta (pp. 362-363, Yuddhasamuddeśa) defines the three almost in the same words. This shows that in the first two kinds of conquests the conquered state retained its own institutions, organization and government intact. Bāṇa gives¹⁰¹ in very striking language what Harṣa proclaimed when he started against the treacherous king of Gauḍa and on *digvijaya*. It appears that even the queens of vanquished chiefs had to perform the duties of maids at the time of the coronation of the emperor and empress, as queen Yaśomatī says to Harṣa (in Harṣacarita V). Vide Sabhā 31. 73-74 where Bibhīṣaṇa is said to have come with presents to Sahadeva. Aśoka (in Kalsi Edict No. XIII in C. I. I. I, pp. 44 and 46, ed. by Hultzsch) speaks of his conquest being *dharmavijaya*. This means that he foreswore greed and cruelty and wanted that his influence be only acknowledged. The Pallava king Śivaskandavarman (of Kāñcī) who had performed the Agniṣṭoma, Vājapeya and Aśvamedha sacrifices calls himself *dhamma-mahārājādhirāja* (a dharma-vijayī emperor) in E. 1. vol. I. p. 5. In the Dudia plate of Pravarasena II, Pṛthvīṣeṇa is styled dharma-vijayin (E. I. vol. III p. 258 at p.