History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v4.c62.33

v4.c62.33

¹⁹ Some parts of the Śāntiparva may be later than Kāmandaka's work, since Śānti (123. 11-12) refers to the dialogue of Kāmandaka and Aṅgariṣṭha king of Aṅga. But it need hardly be said that it is not absolutely necessary to hold that the extant Nītisāra of Kāmandaka is referred to by Śāntiparva. (*Continued from last page*) The reference may be only to a legend. The modern works referred to above are:—'Some Aspects of Ancient Indian Polity' (1935) and 'Rājadharma' (1941) by Rao Bahadur K. V. Rangaswami Aiyangar; 'The Nature and grounds of political obligation in the Hindu state' by J. J. Anjāria (1935); 'Development of Hindu polity and Political Theories' (Calcutta, 1929) by N. C. Bandopadhyaya; "Public Administration in Ancient India" (1916) by Dr. P. N. Bannerjea; 'Some Aspects of ancient Hindu Polity' (1921) by Prof. D. R. Bhandarkar; 'The theory of Government in Ancient India', (1927) and 'The State in Ancient India' (1928) by Dr. Beni Prasad; 'Buddhist India' (1903) by Rhys Davids; 'Hindu Administrative Institutions' (Madras, 1929) and 'Mauryan Polity' (Madras, 1932) by Prof. V. R. Ramchandra Dikshitar; 'History of Hindu Political Theories' (2nd ed. Calcutta, 1927) by U. Ghoshal; Prof. E. W. Hopkins' 'Position of the Ruling Caste in Ancient India' in Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. XIII. pp. 57-372; 'Hindu Polity' (1924) by K. P. Jayaswal; 'Administration and Social Life under the Pallavas' (1938) by Dr. C. Minakshi; 'Studies in Ancient Hindu Polity' (vol. 1, 1914), 'Inter-state Relations in Ancient India' (London, 1920), 'Aspects of Ancient Indian Polity' (Oxford, 1921), 'Studies in Indian History and Culture' (1925) by Dr. Narendranath Law; 'Corporate Life in Ancient India' (Calcutta, 1919) by Dr. R. C. Majmudar; 'Local Government in Ancient India' (1919) by Dr. Radhakumud Mukerjee; 'Study in the Economic condition of Ancient India' by Dr. Pran Nath; 'Positive Background of Hindu Sociology' (Allahabad, 1914) and 'The Political Institutions and Theories of the Hindus' (1922) by Prof. Benoy Kumar Sarkar; 'Sovereignty in Ancient Hindu Polity' by Dr. H. N. Sinha (London, 1938); 'International Law in Ancient India' by Prof. S. V. Visvanathan. I have to make general acknowledgments to these works for much useful information, particularly to those of K. P. Jayaswal and N. N. Law. For a list of Mss. on Polity or its sub-topics, vide N. N. Law's articles in Modern Review for October 1917 to January 1918 and March and June 1918 and for a list of available Mss. and printed works on '*Vārtā*' (economics) vide the same writer's 'Studies in Indian History and Culture' pp. 384 ff. In my treatment of *rājadharma* I have generally restricted myself to data derived from Sanskrit works on *dharmaśāstra* and *arthaśāstra* and have rarely ventured into works in Pāli. Similarly it has to be borne in mind that the works referred to cover a period of several centuries and further that India is not one country but a continent of which northern India formed one more or less homogeneous unit, while the Deccan formed another and South India formed a third unit. The institutions of these, particularly of the last of the three, differ in many particulars from those of the other two. But the authentic data furnished by South India are later by centuries than those supplied by the north and besides are comparatively meagre. Therefore in this work one has to confine oneself principally to Sanskrit works composed in North India or the Deccan.