History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v4.c62.388.2

v4.c62.388.2

148 gives illustrations, such as tying a firebrand to the tail of a bird that often perches on the enemy's camp to produce the delusion that a meteor (an evil omen) fell down from the sky. Kām. XVII. 54 cites the example of Bhīma's meeting Kīcaka dressed as Draupadī. Kām. (XVII. 51-53) gives other examples of māyā. *Upekṣā* consists in not preventing a person from doing what is unjust or being addicted to some vice or engaging in a fight and is illustrated by king Virāṭa's connivance at the death of Kīcaka (Kām. XVII. 55-57). Indrajāla means 'creating an illusion by means of incantations and other tricks' e. g. creating the illusion before the eyes of the enemy that a vast army is coming to attack them or showing that angels are descending to fight against them or making a shower of blood fall in the enemy's camp etc. (Kām. XVII. 58-59, Viṣṇudharmottara II. 149). About the four well-known *upāyas*, Manu (VII. 108-109) says that for the prosperity of one's kingdom sāma and daṇḍa (punishment) are preferred, but if the king's antagonists do not yield to him by the employment of the first three then he may bring them round by daṇḍa (i. e. fighting and harassing them) and that (VII. 198, 200) daṇḍa is to be employed as the last resort, since victory is not certain. In the Śāntiparva 69. 23 the view of Bṛhaspati is quoted²²² that fighting should always be avoided (as far as possible) and that for securing one's purpose three upāyas (other than fighting) are to be resorted to.