History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v4.c62.405.3

v4.c62.405.3

p. 321) explains that grāma, ghoṣa, nagara, and saṁvāha are the appellations of different groups or settlements of people. The Vāyupurāṇa (94. 40) separately mentions cities (purāṇi) ghoṣas (hamlets of cowherds), villages and pattanas. Vide Śukranītisāra I. 213–258 for provisions about the laying out of the capital, the palace, the court of justice, other state offices and public buildings, ditches &c. and Yuktikalpataru pp. 22 ff, Vāyu 8. 108 ff, Matsya 130. Śukra (I. 260–267) describes how four royal roads should start from the palace in four directions, how the best, middling and inferior royal roads should be 30, 20 and 15 cubits in breadth; he defines *padyā* (a foot-path), *vīthi* (a lane) and *mārga* as respectively equal to 3, 5 and 10 cubits in breadth, that in the capital there should be no narrow street like a padyā or vīthi, that even in villages the public road should be at least 10 cubits in width, that all roads should slope down from their middle and that all houses should face the royal road. For a description of Ayodhyā vide Rāmāyaṇa II. 100. 40–42, which says that it was full of valiant men, had strong gates, was full of elephants, horses, and chariots, was inhabited by energetic people of all castes that were devoted to their duties, that had mansions of various sizes, that it was prosperous and had many physicians. From the Rāmāyaṇa (VI. 112. 42 *siktarathyāntarāpaṇā*) and the Mahābhārata (Ādi. 221.