History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v4.c63.1240.2

v4.c63.1240.2

19–21) states that there are five grave sins (*mahāpātakas*) viz. violating the bed of the *guru*, drinking liquor, murder of a learned brāhmaṇa, robbing a brāhmaṇa of gold and contact with a *patita* by being his teacher or pupil or priest or by contracting a matrimonial alliance with him. The Baud. Dh. S. II. 1. 50-56 has a somewhat different list of *patanīya* actions viz. sea voyage, robbing a brāhmaṇa of his wealth and misappropriating a deposit, perjury for land, trading in (forbidden) articles, service under a śūdra and having a child from a śūdra woman. Manu XI. 54, Yāj. III. 227 and Viṣṇu Dh. S. 35. 1 enumerate the five wellknown mahāpātakas, viz. murder of a brāhmaṇa, drinking of liquor, theft, incest and continuous association for a year with these. Association with any sinner of any sort for one year made the associater guilty of the same sin (Yāj. III. 261). *Saṁsarga* or *saṁyoga* (contact or association) was of various kinds. Manu XI. 180 (= Śānti 165.37 = Baud. Dh. S. II. 1. 88 = Vas. 1. 22) states that a person who associates with a *patita* for a year as regards using the same vehicle or seat or taking food with him in the same row becomes patita; but he becomes patita at once by being his sacrificial priest or by being his teacher of the Veda or by entering into¹¹⁶³ a matrimonial alliance with him. Vṛddha-Bṛhaspati¹¹⁶⁴ (quoted by Mitākṣarā on Yāj. III. 261) states that association (*saṅkara*) with a *patita* is of nine kinds viz.