History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v4.c63.859.2

v4.c63.859.2

A *naidhānī* boundary is one indicated by concealed signs (just as nidhāna i. e. treasure is concealed in the earth), such as pots filled with chaff, coal, bricks, bones and similar things that the earth does not corrode and are buried inside the earth. Manu (VIII. 250-251) enumerates those objects that should be buried in the earth, which would serve to indicate the boundaries of a village or field and which are therefore called concealed (*upacchanna*) by him. A *bhayavarjitā* (free from danger) boundary is settled by the agreement of the parties. The fifth kind is the one that is laid down by order of the king. Bṛ. (S. B. E. 33 p. 351 verse 2) prescribes⁹⁰⁰ that at the time of founding a village definite boundaries should be erected or constructed by means of visible or patent (*prakāśa*) and concealed (*upāṁśu* or *upacchanna*) signs and the Sm. C. II. 228 explains that a row of big stones should be employed to indicate the boundary. Bṛhaspati (S. B. E. vol. 33 p. 351 verses 3-7) states what patent and concealed boundary marks should be and requires elderly persons to point them out to youths and children who in their turn when old are to point out the boundaries to other youths and in this way traditional knowledge of boundaries may be kept up. Manu (VIII.