History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v5.c71.s1.109.1

v5.c71.s1.109.1

*Upapātakas* (minor sins). The number of these has greatly varied from time to time and from smṛti to smṛti. Vas I 23 speaks⁷⁶ of only five upapātakas viz. forsaking the sacred fires (after beginning Agnihotra), offending the guru, being an atheist, taking one's livelihood from an atheist, selling the soma plant. Śātātapa as quoted by Viśvarūpa on Yāj. III. 229-236 mentions only eight. Baud. Dh. S. (II 1 60-61) mentions a small number as upapātakas. Gaut. 21.11 states⁷⁷ that the guilt of upapātaka attaches to those who have been declared to defile the company at a Śrāddha dinner and have been named above before the bald man (in Gaut. XV. 18), killers of kine, those who forget the Veda, those who pronounce Vedic texts for these last, Vedic students who break the vow of chastity and those who allow the time for upanayana to pass without performing it. Śaṅkha quoted by Viśvarūpa on Yāj III 229-236 mentions only 18 upapātakas and styles them *upapatanīyas* The longest lists are contained in Manu XI 59-66, Yāj III 234-242, Vṛddha-Hārīta IX. 208-210, Viṣṇudharmasūtra 37 and Agnipurāṇa (168 29-37). According to the Pr. V. (p 195)⁷⁸ the upapātakas mentioned by Manu come to 49. Those enumerated by Yāj. are set out below⁷⁹ (they are 51 according to Viśvarūpa on Yāj. III. 229-236, who omits one verse commented on by the Mit. viz 'śūdrapreṣyam' &c. which contains five): slaying kine, being a *vrātya* (i. e.