History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v5.c71.s1.359

v5.c71.s1.359

Vasiṣṭha 20.18 quotes Manu XI. 151 on this point²²⁸ and Viṣṇu (Dh. S. 51.4-5) in prose is to the same effect. Viṣṇu (Dh S. 51. 2-3) provides Cāndrāyaṇa for drinking any of the (twelve) unclean excretions of the body (Manu V. 134) or any of the several kinds of intoxicating drinks and for eating garlic or onion or red garlic or any plant having a similar flavour or the flesh of village pigs, of tame cocks, of apes and of cows and then adds (in sūtra 4) that they (the sinners) must undergo fresh *upanayana* also The smṛtis provide different prāyaścittas for various lapses about drinking and eating such as drinking water from a pot which had already been used for holding surā, for drinking water from the water vessel of a cāṇḍāla or of a washerman or from a śūdra's house or for drinking milk which should not be drunk (Gaut 17.22-26, Yāj I. 170, Manu V. 8-10), for eating forbidden food, which must be passed over here, because²²⁹ they are too many and too various and depend on circumstances for their application as observed by the Pr. V and because they are now of academic interest alone. Some reference, however, may be made to show how some of these lapses were treated. Śaṅkha states that there are many articles that are allowed or forbidden to men, particularly to brāhmaṇas and in cases of transgressions the decision rests with the *śiṣṭas* (the *pariṣad* of respectable people). Bṛhaspati²³⁰ (quoted by Aparārka) prescribes that in the case of the partaking of things that should not be licked or drunk or eaten or in case of taking in human semen, urine or ordure, the penance of a cāndrāyaṇa is the purification Some of the sages such as Saṁvarta, Śaṅkha-likhita took a lenient view, prescribed Cāndrāyaṇa even for eating cow's flesh and human flesh²³¹