History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v5.c71.s1.497.4

v5.c71.s1.497.4

The former is either *yavamadhya* or *pipīlīkā-tanu-madhya*), while the latter is of four kinds, viz. sāmānya, ṛṣi-cāndrāyaṇa, śiśucāndrāyaṇa and yaticāndrāyaṇa The last two will be described later. The Sāmānya (or sarvatomukha) consists in eating only 240 morsels of sacrificial food in a month of 30 days, distributing them according to one's choice (not necessarily in imitation of the phases of the moon) as stated by Manu XI 220, Baud. IV. 5.21, Yāj III. 324 and the Mit (on Yāj. III. 324), the Madana-pārijāta and other works. Here the penance, though it is not regulated by the phases of the moon, is called Cāndrāyaṇa for the purpose of prescribing the same procedure and observances in it as in the Cāndrāyaṇa which follows the phases of the moon. Here the Mīmāṁsā rule of Kuṇḍapāyinām-ayana applies.³¹² From the words of Gautama 27.12-15 it appears that he envisaged a cāndrāyaṇa of 32 days (pipīlikāmadhya) or 31 days, when he says that the performer should fast on the 14th of the bright half, eat fifteen morsels on the Full Moon day, then reduce it by one morsel, so that there is a total fast on the amāvāsyā and then on the first of the bright half one morsel is taken until on the full moon 15 morsels are taken. Thus from the 14th of the bright half (when there is a complete fast) to the full moon of the succeeding month there are in all 32 days and the penance is of the pipīlikā-madhya type.