History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v5.c73.t1.1.1

v5.c73.t1.1.1

Śrāddhas have been variously classified. One classification, viz. into *nitya*, *naimittika* and *kāmya* has already been described above (p. 369) Another classification is that into Ekoddiṣṭa and Pārvaṇa⁸⁵⁵. The first is offered to one deceased person alone, while the latter is performed on the amāvāsyā of a month or in the dark half of Bhādrapada or on saṅkrānti and in it the three paternal ancestors are principally invoked. Bṛhaspati quoted in the Śrāddhaviveka of Rudradhara mentions five classes of śrāddhas as declared by Manu viz. nitya, naimittika, kāmya, Vṛddhi and Pārvaṇa ⁸⁵⁶. The Śrāddhaviveka remarks that the sixteen pretaśrāddhas (to be described later on) are included under naimittika and that such śrāddhas as Goṣṭhīśrāddha enumerated in other smṛtis are included in Pārvaṇa. The Kūrmapurāṇa (II. 20. 26) similarly speaks of the five srāddhas as enumerated by Manu ⁸⁵⁷. The Mit. on Yāj. I. 217 states that there are five śrāddhas, viz. 'ahar-ahaḥ-śrāddha, pārvaṇa, vṛddhiśrāddha, ekoddiṣṭa and sapiṇḍīkaraṇa. The daily śrāddha is described by Manu III. 82 (= Śaṅkha 13 16 and Matsya 16.4) as one that is performed every day with food (cooked rice, yavas &c.) or with water or with milk, fruits and roots. Two verses of Viśvāmitra⁸⁵⁸ quoted by several works speak of twelve kinds of śrāddhas, viz.