History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v5.c74.t9: Abbreviations employed in this list alone

History of Dharmaśāstra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v5.c74.t9

Language: English

Abbreviations employed in this list alone

v5.c74.t9.1

AC.—Abhidhāna-cintāmaṇi of Hemacandra (ed. by Böhtlingk, 1847). Ādi—Ādiparva of the Mahābhārata Ag —Agnipurāṇa. A. G.—Ancient Geography of India, by Cunningham (1871). A. I.—Ancient India as described by Megasthenes and Arrian (Mc Crindle). Ain, A—Ain-i-Akbari by Abul Fazal, translated by Blochmann and Jarrett in three volumes (1873-1894). Al.—Alberuni's 'India' translated by Dr. E. C. Sachau, 2 volumes, 1886 (London). Anu.—Anuśāsana-parva of the Mahābhārata. A. S. R.—Archaeological Survey of India Reports. B.—Brahmapurāṇa. Bār. S.—Bārhaspatya-sūtra edited by Dr. F. W. Thomas. Bh.—Bhāgavatapurāṇa. Bhav.—Bhaviṣyapurāṇa. Bhī—Bhīṣmaparva of the Mahābhārata. Bom G —Bombay Gazetteer volumes. Br.—Brahmāṇḍapurāṇa. Bṛ. S —Bṛhatsaṁhitā with Utpala's com., edited by Sudhākara Dvivedi. BV.—Brahmavaivarta-purāṇa. *C. I. I.* —Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum; vol. I. Inscriptions of Aśoka, vol. III. Gupta Inscriptions. Dey —Nundolal Dey's 'Geographical Dictionary of India' (1927). G.—Garuḍapurāṇa. Go.—Godāvarī river h.—hill HC.—Haracaritacintāmaṇi of Jayadratha (Kāvyamālā ed.) I. G. I —Imperial Gazetteer of India volumes. J. U. P. H. S.—Journal of the United Provinces Historical Society. K.—Kūrmapurāṇa. Kal.—Kālikāpurāṇa. K. R.—Bühler's Kashmir Report (extra number of BBRAS Journal for 1877) l.—lake L.—Liṅgapurāṇa m.—Mountain M.—Matsyapurāṇa Mb.—Mahābhārata Mbh.—Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali (ed. by Kielhorn in 3 volumes). Mār —Mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇa N.—Bṛhan-nāradīya or Nāradīyapurāṇa. NM.—Nīlamata-purāṇa ed. by Prof. Bhagavad-datta. Nr —Nṛsiṁha or Narasiṁha-purāṇa. P.—Padma-purāṇa. Pargiter —Translation of Mārkaṇḍeyapurāṇa with notes. Ptolemy—Mc Crindle's 'Ancient India' as described by Ptolemy with notes by Majumdar Sastri (Calcutta, 1927) r.—River. R.—Rājataraṅgiṇī (edited and translated by Dr. Stein). Rām —Rāmāyaṇa. S.—Sabhāparva of the Mahābhārata. Śal.—Śalyaparva of the Mahābhārata. Śān.—Śāntiparva of the Mahābhārata. SK.—Skandapurāṇa SM.—Stein's Memoir on maps illustrating the Ancient Geography of Kashmir. T. K.—Kalpataru on tīrthas (G. O. S.) T. P.—Tīrthaprakāśa of Mitramiśra, part of Vīramitrodaya T. S.—Tīrthasāra, part of Nṛsiṁhaprasāda (Sarasvatībhavan series, Benares). U.—Udyogaparva of the Mahābhārata V.—Vanaparva of the Mahābhārata.

v5.c74.t9.2

Va —Vāyupurāṇa Vām.—Vāmanapurāṇa. Var —Varāhapurāṇa. VD —Viṣṇudharmottara-purāṇa V. Dh. S.—Viṣṇudharma-sūtra (ed. by Jolly). Vı —Viṣṇupurāṇa Vik —Vikramāṅka-deva-carıta of Bilhaṇa (ed. by Bühler) V. S.—Vārāṇasī. Wilson—Translation of Viṣṇupurāṇa, edited by Dr. Hall (1864–1877)

v5.c74.t9.3

LIST OF TĪRTHAS

v5.c74.t9.4

v5.c74.t9.5

Abjala—(under Go.) B 129 137 (it is the heart of Godāvarī)

v5.c74.t9.6

Acalā—(r. in Kāśmīra) HC 10 256 (near Anantahrada and Kārkoṭahrada)

v5.c74.t9.7

Acaleśvara—L I. 92. 165

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Acchodā— (r. rising from Acchodaka lake) M 121. 7, Vā 47 6, Br II 18. 6 and III. 13. 80

v5.c74.t9.9

Acchodaka—(a l. at the foot of mount Candraprabha) Vā 47. 5-6 and 77. 76, M 14 3 and 121. 7, Br III 13. 77

v5.c74.t9.10

Aciravatī— (r falling into Sarayū) one of the ten great rivers mentioned in 'Questions of Milinda' (SBE vol. 35 p. 171) It is Rapti in Oudh on which Śrāvastī was situated Var. 214. 47

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Acyutasthala—Vām 34. 47. Vide under Yugandhara.

v5.c74.t9.12

Ādarśa—held to be same as Vinaśana by many scholars Vide under 'Vinaśana' The Kāśikā on Pāṇ. IV. 2 124 (Janapadatadavadhyośca) appears to hold Ādarśa as a Janapada and Br S 14. 25 does the same

v5.c74.t9.13

Ādipāla—(a h. under Gayā). Vā 108. 65 (Gaṇeśa is there in the form of an elephant across Muṇḍapṛṣṭha). 109 15

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Adititīrtha—(under Gaṅgā) N II. 40. 90

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Ādityasya āśrama—V 83 184, P I. 27 70

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Adityatīrtha—A (on Sarasvatī) Śal 49 17, Devala q by T K p 250. B (on r Sābhramatī) P VI 167 1 (near confluence with sea)

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Ādityāyatana—(under Narmadā) M 191 77, K II 41 37-38, P. I 18 5 and 72.

v5.c74.t9.18

Ādityeśa—(under Narmadā) M. 191. 5

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Agastyapada—(under Gayā)—Ag 116 3, Vā 111 53

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Agastyasaras—V 82 44 It may be noted that Agastya is the reputed author of the Tamil language and the teacher of the author of the Tolkāppiyam, the oldest grammatical work extant (on Tamil). Vide JRAS vol 19 pp 558-559 (New series)

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Agastyāśrama—Vide Dey p 2 for eight places so called (but he does not state authorities for all) A (on r Durjayā) V 96 1 (where demon Vātāpi was killed by Agastya), B V. Dh S 85. 29, P I 12 4, V 19. 198 (near Puṣkara); C (near Prayāga) V 87. 20, D (near Gokarna) V 88. 18. E (near Janasthāna and Pañcavaṭī about five yojanas from Sutīkṣṇāśrama) Rām III. 11 38-42, Raghu XIII 36 There is an ancient shrine of Agastya about one mile from Akola village in Nagar District beyond the Pravarā river. F (near the sea in Pāṇḍya country) Ādi 216. 3, SS 13, 118 4, 130 6—one of the five Nārītīrthas). Rām. IV. 41. 16 (on Malaya) and Bh X 79. 16?

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Agastyatīrtha—(in Pāṇḍya country) V 88 13

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Agastyavaṭa—Vḍ 215 2

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Agastyeśvara—A (under Narmadā) M. 191 5, B (liṅga in VS) l q by T K p 116

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Aghoreśvara—(under VS) L q by T. K. p 60

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Agnidhārā—(under Gayā) V 84 145. Ag 116 31.

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Agnikuṇḍa—(on Sarasvatī) Vām. 51 23, Var. q by T. K p 215.

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Agniprabha—(under Gayā) Vā* 145 52-55 (its water is hot in winter and cold in summer.)

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Agnipura—Anu 25 43 Dey p 2 says it is Māhismatī. *Vide* Raghuvamśa VI. 42

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Agnisaras—A (under Kokāmukha) Var 140 34–36, B (under Lohārgala) Var. 151. 52

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Agnisatyapada—(under Badarī) Var. 141. 7

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Agniśiras—(along the Yamunā) V. 90. 5–7

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Agniśvara—(under VS) L. q. by T. K pp 66, 71

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Agnitīrtha—A (on the southern bank of Yamunā) M 108 27, P. I 45 27; B (under VS) K I. 35 7, P. I 37 7; C (under Go) B 98 1; D (on Sarasvatī) Śal 47. 13–14, P I. 27 27, E (on north bank of Sābhramatī) P VI. 134. 1; F (under Kubjāmraka) Var 126 63

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Ahah—V. 83. 100

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Ahalyāhrada—(near Gautama's āśrama) V 84 109, P I 38 26

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Ahalyātīrtha—A (under Godāvarī), B 87 1, B (under Narmadā) P I 18 84, M 191 90–92, K II 41. 43

v5.c74.t9.38

Ailāpatra—A dikpāla-nāga (guardian of western quarter) in Kāśmīra. NM1118 (modern Ailapatur)

v5.c74.t9.39

Airāvatī—(The Hydraotes of Arrian, A I p 190, Rāvī in the Punjab?) A r. on the border of Madradeśa rising in the Himālaya. M 115 18–19, 116 1 and 6 and Devala q by T. K p 249 Dey p 73 is wrong in taking (in M 116 1) Haimavatī as a proper name, since in M 116 6 the same river is called 'the eminent daughter of Himavat'

v5.c74.t9.40

Ajabila—(under m Srīparvata) L I. 92 153

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Ajatuṅga—Vā 77. 48 (śrāddha here is highly efficacious and here the shadow of gods is seen on *parvan* days)

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Ajeśvara—(a liṅga in VS) L. I 92 136

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Ajiravatī—a r. referred to in Pāṇ VI 3. 119. Probably the same as Aciravatī above

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Ālāśa—(under VS) K I 35 3, P I 37 3

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Ākāśagaṅgā—A (under Gayā) Vā 112. 25, Ag 116 5; B (on m Sahya) Nr 66 35 (sub-tīrtha of Āmalaka)

v5.c74.t9.46

Ākāśaliṅga—(under VS) L. q by T. K p 51

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Akrūra—(under Mathurā) Var 155 4–5 (name of a hamlet between Mathurā and Vṛndāvana)

v5.c74.t9.48

Akṣavāla—(modern Achabal, a large village at west foot of a ridge which lines the Kutahar Pargana in Kāśmīra) R I 338, SM p. 180 (it has five springs) NM has the name Akṣipāla

v5.c74.t9.49

Akṣayyakarana Vaṭa—(in Prayāga). *Vide* p 614 above and AG p. 389 for Hiouen Thsang's reference to it. V 87 11, P VI. 25 7–8 (Viṣṇu is supposed to lie on its leaf at the end of the *kalpa*)

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Akṣayyavaṭa—A (in Gayā, about half a mile from Viṣṇupada) V. 84 83, 95. 14, Vā 105 45, 109 16,111. 79–82 (Viṣṇu in the form of a child lies on its end when the whole world is one mass of water), Ag. 115 70, P I 38 2, B (under Go to the north of Vindhya) B. 161 66–67, C (on Narmadā) BV, III chap 33, 30–32 (where Pulastya performed *tapas*).

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Alābutīrtha—(under Viraja) B. 42. 6.

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Alakanandā—Ādi 170 22 (Gaṅgā is so called among gods) Acc to Vā 41 18, K I. 46 31, Vı II. 2 36 and II. 8. 114 it is one of the four streams of the Ganges and reaches the sea with seven mouths. Ādi 170 19 speaks of the seven mouths. N. (II. 66. 4 ff) states that the Ganges is called Alakanandā after it reaches the earth and begins to follow Bhagīratha's chariot Bh. IV 6 24 and V 17 5. The Bhāgīrathī is joined by Alakanandā at Devaprayāga and the combined stream is then called Gaṅgā N. II. 67. 72–73 say that Bhāgīrathī and Alakanandā meet near Badarikā- śrama. According to I. G. I vol XV p. 60 there are five sacred confluences of the Alakanandā with other rivers viz. with Bhāgīrathī (Devaprayāga), Nandaprayāga, Karnaprayāga (confluence with Pindar river), Rudraprayāga (confluence with Mandākinī), Visnuprayāga Vide U. P. Gazetteer for Garhwal, vol. 36 pp 2 and 140

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Aleśvara—see Brahmeśvara

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Alītīrtha—(under Narmadā) K II. 42. 37.

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Āmalaka—A (under Stutasvāmin in U. P ) Var 148. 67 ff. B (between Brahmagiri and Vedagiri peaks of the Sahya m) TS p. 78.

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Āmalakagrāma—(on m Sahya) Nr. chap. 66. 7 ff q. by T. K p. 254. Dey p 4 suggests that it is on the north bank of the Tāmraparnī

v5.c74.t9.57

Amarakahrada—(under VS) L. q by T K. P. 53.

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Amarakantaka—(m. in the Bilaspur District of Central Provinces) Vide p. 705-6 above Vā (77. 10-11 and 15-16), V. Dh S 85.6 highly eulogise śrāddha on this m. M 188 79, P. I. 15. 68 69 state that the 2nd of the three *puras* of Bāna burnt by Śiva fell on this m K II 40 36 (high merit of visiting it when there is an eclipse of the sun or moon)

v5.c74.t9.59

Amarakeśvara—Linga (under VS) L. q. by T. K. p. 53

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Āmardaka—Vide T. S. pp. 21-30 quoting SK. It is a Śivaksetra, one of the twelve Jyotirlingas and is so called because sins are crushed here (āmardeyānı pāpānı tasmād-āmardakam matam). On p 22 of TS there is quotation from SK that in the four yugas it was respectively called Jyotirmaya, Mukti, Sparśa and Nāgeśvara It is said to be a linga on p. 22. Vide Victor Cousins' 'Medieval temples of the Dakhan' pp. 77-78 for a description of the temple of Nāganātha and plates CXIII-CXV for the front of the great temple and portions of the wall and pillars of the porch and of the Hall This is probably the same as Āvandhyā Nāganātha (Aundha in Survey of India maps) about 25 miles north-east of Parabhani in the Hydarabad State.

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Amareśa—A (on Narmadā) M. 186 2. B (linga in VS) L. I 92 37

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Amareśvara—A (on m. Nısadha) Vām. q. by T. K p 236; B (under Śrīparvata) L I. 92 151; C NM 1535, Rāj. I. 267 (yātrā to famous cave of Amaranātha where Śiva is worshipped in linga-shaped ice-block This pilgrimage is now most popular in Kāśmīra Ain A. vol. II p 360 describes it and states that from New Moon the image increases in size for 15 days and decreases with waning moon)

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Ambājanma (to east of Saraka) V. 83. 81 (it is Nāradatīrtha)

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Ambarīseśvara—(under VS) L q by T. K p 118

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Ambikātīrtha—L I. 92.166

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Ambikāvana—(on r Sarasvati) Bh X. 34 1-2

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Amiu—(a very holy r in Kuruksetra) Vām. 34. 7

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Amohaka—(under Narmadā) M. 191. 105, P I 18 96-99 (Tapeshara was so called and there were boulders as big as elephants)

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Amrātakeśvara—(under VS) M. 22 51, 181 28, Ag. 112 3

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Amśumatī—(r). Rg VIII. 96 13-15 (on which stayed an *asura* called Krsna) According to Brhad-devatā (VI 110) it was in the Kuru country, Rām. II 55 6 (near Yamunā)

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Ānanda—Vide under Nanditata.

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Ānandapura—(under VS) K I 35 15, P. I. 37. 18

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Ananta—a Vaisnava-ksetra acc. to Bārhaspatyasūtra III 120, Br. III. 13.58.

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Anantabhavana or Anantahrada—HC X. 253,256 (now called Ananta nāga, about one krosa from Martanda)

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vartanāga in the middle of the Vitastā river in Kaśmīra

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Anantanāga—(not far from Puṇyodā). NM 1401-2 It is called Islamabad now and is at the foot of the western extremity of the Mārtaṇḍa plateau in Kaśmīra SM p 178

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Anantaśayana—(Padmanābha in Travancore) P. VI. 110 8, VI. 280 19

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Anantatīrtha—(under Mathurā) Var 155. 1

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Anaraka—A (under Kurukṣetra) Vām. 41 22-24, B (under Narmadā) M. 193 1-3, K. II. 41. 91-92; C (to the west of Yamunā) also called Dharmarājatīrtha—K I. 39 5, PI 27 56

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Anarakeśvara—(under VS) L q. by T K p 113

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Anāśala—Var 215 89

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Anasūyā-liṅga—(north of Goprekṣa, under VS) L q by T K p 42

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Andha—(a nada) Bh V 19 18, Devī Bhāgavata VIII 11 16 (andhasoṇau mahānadau), Dey (pp 7 and 47) says it is the river Chāndan or 'Andhelā' which falls into the Gaṅgā in Bhagalpur

v5.c74.t9.84

Andhakeśa—(under VS) L q. by T K. p 65

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Andhona—(under Narmadā). P I. 18, 110-113

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Aṅgabhūta—(a tīrtha sacred to pitṛs) M. 22 51

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Aṅgārakunda (under VS) L q by T K p 56

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Aṅgāravāhikā—M. 22 35

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Aṅgāreśvara—A (under VS) L q. by T. K pp 55 and 98, B (under Narmadā) M 190 9, P I. 17.6

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Aṅgārakeśvara—A (under Gayā) Ag 116 29, B (under Narmadā) K II 41 6

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Aṅgāreśa (under Narmadā) M. 191.59 (probably the same as above)

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Aṅgirasatīrtha (under Narmadā) K. II. 41. 31-33, P. I 18 50

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Aṅgiraseśa (under VS) L. q. by T. K. p 117

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Aṅitabhā (r) Rg V 53 9

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Añjalikāśrama—Anu 25 52

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Añjana (a m near Brahmagiri, under Go ) B 84 2 Vide under Paiśācatīrtha, Br S 14 5 says Añjana is m in the east

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Añjasī—(r ) Rg I 104 4

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Aṅkola (under Narmadā) highly praised in M 191 118-122 Probably modern town of Ankleśvar in Broach District A G p 322 identifies Akrūreśvara with Anklesar on left bank of the Narmadā. Vide I A. 54 pp 11-12

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Aṅkuśeśvara (under Narmadā) M. 194 1

v5.c74.t9.100

Annakūṭa (under Mathurā) Var. 164. 10 and 22-23 (Govardhana was called Annakūṭa)

v5.c74.t9.101

Antakeśvara (under VS) L q by T K. p 75

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Antarvedi (holy land between Gaṅgā and Yamunā) SK. I. 1 17. 274-275 (where brahmahatyā due to the killing of Vṛtra fell)

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Antaḥśilā (r rising in Vindhya) Vā. 45 103

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Antikeśvara (under VS) N II 49 6-9

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Anūpā (r rising from Ṛkṣavat m ) Br. II 16.28

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Anyataḥ-plakṣa-name of a lotus lake in Kurukṣetra (Śat Br. in SBE, vol 44 p 70)

v5.c74.t9.107

Apagā—one of the seven (or nine) very holy rivers under Kurukṣetra—V. 83. 68, Vām 34 7, P. I. 36 1-6 and Vām. 36. 1-4 (one krośa to the east of Mānusa), NM 158 Is it the same as Āpayā? Vide A G. p 185 where it is identified with the Ayak Nadī, a small stream rising in Jammu hills to the north-east of Sialkot Cunningham (ASR of India, vol XIV pp 88-89) says that Āpagā or Oghavatī is a branch of the Chitang.

v5.c74.t9.108

Apām-prapatana-Anu 25 28

v5.c74.t9.109

Aparanandā—( near Hemakūṭa) Ādi. 215 7, 110 1, Anu 166 28 Dey (p 9) says it is the same as Alakanandā

v5.c74.t9.110

Apastambatīrtha (under Go.) B 130.1

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Apayā—(a r. probably a tributary of the Sarasvatī between it and Dṛṣadvatī) Rg III. 23 4. Thomas suggests that it is the same as Aughavatī (JRAS vol. 15 p. 362 n. 5)

v5.c74.t9.112

Apsaras-kuṇḍa—(under Mathurā and Govardhana) Var. 164 19

v5.c74.t9.113

Aptareśa—(under Narmadā) M. 194 16, P. I 21 16, K II 42.24

v5.c74.t9.114

Apasaroyugasangama—(under Go) B. 147.1

v5.c74.t9.115

Arantuka—a dvārapāla, V. 83. 52 (vide p. 683 note 1551).

v5.c74.t9.116

Aravinda—(a h. under Gayā) Vā. 109. 15, N II.47.83 (reads Aravindavara)

v5.c74.t9.117

Arbuda—(m Abu in the Aravali range in the Sirohi State) V 82 55-56 (there was Vasiṣṭha's āśrama), M. 22 38, P I 24.4, N II. 60 27, Ag. 109. 10. It is one of the five sacred hills of the Jainas, the other four being Satruñjaya, Samet, Śikhara, Girnar and Candragiri. It is identified with Ptolemy's Apokopa (p 76). There was a fire-pit thereon from which arose a warrior Paramāra, founder of the Paramāra dynasty of Malwa Vide E I vol IX p 10 (of Vikrama 1099) and E. I vol 10 Appendix p. 22 No 133 of saṁvat 1116

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Arbudasarasvatī—(r. sacred to pitṛs) M. 22.38

v5.c74.t9.119

Ārcīkaparvata—V 125 16 (where Cyavana and Sukanyā dwelt)

v5.c74.t9.120

Ardhacandra—(under Mathurā) Var. 169. 3.

v5.c74.t9.121

Ardhakīla—founded by Darbhin near Sarasvaty-aruṇā-saṅgama V. 83. 153-157

v5.c74.t9.122

Arghyatīrtha—G. I. 81 7

v5.c74.t9.123

Ariṣṭakuṇḍa—(under Mathurā) Var 164. 30 (where Ariṣṭa was slain)

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Ārjīkīyā—(r) Rg. X 75 5 Nir IX. 26 states that the river was called Vipāś (modern Beas) and Vipāś was originally Uruñjirā

v5.c74.t9.125

Arjuna—(a tīrtha sacred to pitṛs) M. 22. 43.

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Arjunīyā (r.) Devala q. by T. K. p 249. Prof. K. V. R. Aiyangar (T. K. p. 283) following Dey p. 11 holds it identical with Bāhudā, but the passage from Devala (on T K. p 249) shows that Arjunīyā and Bāhudā are separately enumerated

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Arkakṣetra—same as Koṇārka

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Arkasthala-kuṇḍa (under Mathurā) Var. 157 11, 160 20

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Ārṣabha—see under Ṛṣabha

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Ārṣtiṣeṇāśrama—Anu 25. 55

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Aruṇā-sarasvatīsaṅgama—three miles to the north-east of Pṛthūdaka-P. I. 27. 39, Śal. 43.30-31 and 42, Vām. 40.43

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Aruṇa—(m. on the other or west side of Kailāsa where Bhava dwells) Vā. 47 17-18, Br II 18 18

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Aruṇā—A. (r. between Sarasvatī and Dṛṣadvatī near Pṛthūdaka) Śal 43 30-35. Sarasvatī joined itself to Aruṇā to cleanse the rākṣasas of sins and Indra of brāhmaṇa murder, B. (a branch of the Kauśikī) V 84 156. vide Journal of A S of Bengal, vol 17 pp 646-649 on the seven Kosis in Nepal of which the Aruṇā is the most important, C (under Go) B 89 1, P VI 176 59. Vide Bom G vol XVI p. 468 for Aruṇā stream.

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Aruṇā-varuṇā-saṅgama—(under Gautamī) B 89 1 and P VI 176 59

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Arundhatī-vaṭa—V 84 41, P I 32 6

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Aruṇīśa—(under VS) L q by T K p 60

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Āryāvarta—The Amarakośa speaks of it as the holy land (puṇyabhūmı) between the Himavat and Vindhya mountains Vide H of Dh vol II. pp 11-16 for detailed discussion of the extent of Āryāvarta according to different works and at different times

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Āṣāḍha—liṅga (under VS) L q by T K p 93

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Āṣāḍhītīrtha—(under Narmadā) M. 194 30

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Āsāliṅga—(under Srīparvata) L I 92 148

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Asi—(r under Banaras) also called Suskanadī. Vide pp. 627, 637 above.

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Asiknī—(a r. now called Chenab) Rg VIII. 20 25, X 75 5 Nirukta IX 26 observes that it was so called because its water was dark-coloured, later it was called Candrabhāgā This was the Acekines of the Greeks. Vide Bh V 19. 18

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Asikuṇḍa—(under Mathurā) Var. 163 13. Var chap 166 deals with the efficacy of Asikuṇḍa

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Asita—(a m in the west) V 89. 11-12 (on this m Cyavana and Kaksasena had their āśramas).

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Asitā—(r where yogācārya Asita dwelt ). A place fit for śrāddha. Vā 77 39, Br III 13 39

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Asitagiri—(where yogācārya Asita dwelt) Br III 13 39

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Aśmanvatī— (r) Rg. X 53 8 The Āśv gr (I. 8 2-3) provides that the first half of the verse is to be employed as a mantra when a newly married girl boards a boat and the latter half when she crosses the river and gets down Dey p 13 says that it is the river Oxus He assigns no reasons and I do not accept his view

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Aśmapṛṣṭha—(a holy stone slab in Gayā, even now called Pretaśilā). Anu 25 42

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Aśokatīrtha—(near Sūrpāraka) V. 83 13

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Astamana—(under Mathurā) Var q by T. K p 191

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Astavakra—(four miles from Haridvāra) Anu 25 41 Vide Dey p 12

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Asthipura—(under Kurukṣetra) P. I. 27 62 It is to the west of Thāneśvara and south of Aujasa-ghāt Here the bodies of the warriors slain in the Bhārata war were collected and cremated Vide A. S R. vol. 14 pp 86-106 and A G p. 336 where it is mentioned that Hiouen Thsang was shown bones of very large size

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Asurīśvara—(under VS) L q. by T K. p 67

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Aśvamedha—(under Prayāga) Ag. 111. 14

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Aśvaśiras—(in the story of Nala) V 79. 21

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Aśvatīrtha—A (not far from Kānyakubja) V 95 3 Anu 4 17, Vi IV 7 15 (where sage Ṛcīka gave 1000 horses as bride-price to Gādhi for the latter's daughter Satyavatī). Kālikā 85 51-57; B (under Narmadā) M 194 3, P. I 21 3. C (on Go ) B '89: 43 (where the two Aśvins were born)

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Aśvatthatīrtha—K. II. 35 38—where Nārāyaṇa resides in the form of Hayaśiras (location is not clear)

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Aśvinī—Anu 25 21 (on the Devikā river)

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Aśvinos-tīrtha—(under Kurukṣetra) V. 83 17, P I 26 15 (same words as in V)

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Aśvīśvara—(under VS) L q by T K. p 52

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Aṭavītīrtha—(under Narmadā) P. I 21. 30

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Atibala—(Mahābaleśvara in Satara District) P VI 113.29

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Ātmatīrtha—(under Go ) B 117 1

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Ātreyatīrtha—(on north bank of Go ) B 140 1

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Atri's āśrama—(after Citra' ūta) Rām II. 117.5

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Atrīśvara—(under VS) L q. by T. K p 43

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Aṭṭahāsa—A (m. in Himālayas) Vā 23 191, B (a tīrtha sacred to pitṛs) M. 22.68, C (a liṅga in VS) L q by T. K p 47

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Auddālakatīrtha—V 84 161

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Audyānakatīrtha—P. I. 38 68

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Aujasa—(under Kurukṣetra) V. Dh S. 85 52, Vām 22 51 and 57 51

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Aupamanyava—(under VS) L q. by T K p 97

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Ausaja—A--V Dh S. 85 52 (Sūrpāraka, acc to com Vaijayantī) Jolly (SBE, vol 7 p. 259 gives a different reading Aujasa, and queries whether it may not be Auśīja; B (a boundary of Samantapañcaka) Vām. 22. 51 (Rantukād Aujasam cāpi)

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Auśanasa—(an eminent tīrtha on Sarasvatī) same as Kapālamocana. V. 83 135, M 22 31, Śal 39 4 and 16-22, P. I 27. 24-26, Vām. 39 1 and 14 (where Uśanas got siddhi and became planet Venus), 42 24

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Auśīraparvata—Vā 77.29

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Avadhūta—(under VS) L. q by T. K. p. 93

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Avakīrṇa—(under Kurukṣetra and Sarasvatī) Vām 39 24-35 (story of Baka Dālbhya who begged of Dhṛtarāṣṭra and when condemned by the latter made the whole of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's country an *āhuti* in Pṛthūdaka), Śal. 41 1, P. I 27 41-45 (where it is Darbhin who is mentioned as bringing the four seas)

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Avanti—A (country of which Ujjayinī was capital) Pāṇ IV. 1.176 ('strīyām—*avanti-kunti-kurubhyaś-ca*'), Raghuvaṁśa VI. 32; S 31. 10 (Vindānuvindāvāvantyau), Udyoga 166 6 (same words as in S). B Avantī (river starting from m Pāriyātra) Vā 45 98, M 114.24, Br II 16 29. C (the capital of Mālava, Ujjayinī) B 43 24, Ag 109. 24 (Avantī paramam tīrtham). N. II 78 35-36 (several names such as Viśālā, Amarāvatī, Kuśasthalī, Kanakaśṛṅgā, Padmāvatī, Kumudvatī, Ujjayinī) Vide also L I 92. 7-8 and B 194.19 (Sāndīpani, teacher of Kṛṣṇa, dwelt in Avantīpura) The Meghadūta (I 30) speaks of Ujjayinī as Viśālā. Kāśīkhaṇḍa 7 92 'pāpād-avantī sā viśvam-avantīti nigadyate । yuge yugeśnyanāmnī kalāvujjayanītī ca॥). Vide under Mahākāla

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Avatodā—(r) Bh. V. 19 18

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Avighnatīrtha—(on north bank of Go.) B 114.25

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Avimukta—(same as Kāśī) V 84.79-80, Vi. V 34.30 and 43. Vide pp. 618-642 above

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Avimukteśvara—(liṅga in VS) L. I. 92 6 and 105, N. II 49. 53-55 (where cocks are honoured)

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Ayodhyā— (in Fyzabad District in U P) on the Ghāgrā One of the seven holy cities (vide p 678n above) It is also a place of pilgrimage for Jains, as some of their saints were born there Atharvaveda X 2. 31 and Tai. A. 1 27 2 (aṣṭācakrā navadvārā devānāṁ pūr-Ayodhyā। tasyāṁ hiraṇyayaḥ kośaḥ svargo loko Jyotirāvṛtaḥ॥), V 60. 24-25 and 70 2 (capital of king Ṛtuparṇa and of Rāma), Br IV 40. 91, Ag 109. 24 (Ayodhyā pāpanāśanī) According to Rām. I. 5. 5-7 the country of Kosala had Sarayū flowing through it, Ayodhyā, 12 yojanas long and three broad, was Kosala capital founded by Manu Kosala was one of the 16 *mahājanapadas* of India in ancient times (vide Aṅguttara Nikāya, vol. IV p 252). Later on, Kosala was divided into two, viz. Uttara Kosala and Dakṣiṇa Kosala divided by the Sarjū or Ghāgrā river. The Raghuvaṁśa holds Ayodhyā to be capital of Uttarakosala (VI 71 and IX 1) Vide also Vā 88. 20 ff. for a long line of kings of Ayodhyā from Ikṣvāku and P VI. 208. 46-47 (for Dakṣiṇa Kośalā and Uttara Kośalā). Sāketa is generally identified with Ayodhyā Vide T P p 496 (gives its boundaries from SK) and under Sāketa Dr B C Law contributes a well-documented and learned paper on 'Ayodhyā' to J. of the Ganganath Jha R. Society, vol I pp 423-443

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Ayogasiddhi—(under VS) L q by T K p 98

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Ayoniṣaṅgama—(under Narmadā) P I 18. 58

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Babhrutīrtha—(where the Mahī river falls into the sea) SK I 2. 13. 107

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Badarī—(a holy place on Gandhamādana where there was the hermitage of Nara and Nārāyaṇa) V 90 25-32, 141 23, 177 8, Śānti 127 2-3, Bh. IX. 3. 36 and XI. 29 41 (Nārāyaṇā- śrama), M 22. 73 (very fit for śrāddha), P. VI. 2 1-7 (there is no *pūjā* in Dakṣiṇāyana as the mountain is covered with snow). Also called Viśālā. Vide I G I. vol. VI pp 179-180 for description The temple of Badrīnāth is on the right bank of the Alakanandā.

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Badarikā—A Vām. 2 42-43; B. (near Mahendra m), P I 39 13, V 85. 13; C. (somewhere in southern Gujarat) Vide E I. vol. 25 Ellora plates of Dantidurga (pp 25, 29)

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Badarikāśrama—A. (Badrīnāth in Garhwal, U P) Var. 141 (7 verses from it are quoted in T K pp 215-216); Parāśarasmṛti 1. 5 states that Parāśara, father of Vyāsa, resided in this āśrama, M. 201. 24 says Mitra and Varuṇa practised *tapas* here, Vi. V. 37. 34 (this āśrama was on Gandhamādana and was the abode of Nara-Nārāyaṇa), Br. III 25 67 (same as in Vi), N II. 67 (describes it at length and specifies the sub-tīrthas), N. II. 67. 26 (says it is on Viśālā river), Bh. VII 11.6, B (at a short distance from Madhuvana on Yamunā) P VI. 212 1 and 43

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Badarīvana—P. I 27. 66

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Badarīpācana-tīrtha—V. 83. 179, Sal. 47. 33 and 48. 1 and 51 (Vasiṣṭha had his āśrama here).

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Bagalā—(a Devisthāna). Vide under Vaidyanātha.

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Bāhudā—(a river near Sarasvatī). Anu. 165, 27, P. I 32 31, N. II. 60 30, B. 27 26, M 114 22 and Vā 45 95 (say it rises in Himavat) V. 84. 67 and 87.27. Vide Dey. p. 16 for differing views on identification and Pargiter (pp. 291-292 note), Vā 88. 66 states that Yuvanāśva cursed his wife Gaurī who became Bāhudā Amārakośa gives Saitavāhinī as a synonym of Bāhudā and Kṣīrasvāmin comments that it was brought down by Kārtavīrya (who was called Bahuda, one who donated much).