History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v7.c99.1763

v7.c99.1763

Prāṇāyāma (vide under Kumbhaka, mātrā, pūraka, recaka); 1432-41; called *sagarbha* or *sabīja* and *agarbha* or *abīja* 1442-43, condemned by Hemacandra 1411; definition of P. in Yogasūtra and bhāṣya shows that main element in P. is Kumbhaka 1437; derivation of the word 'prāṇa' 1432, *deśa*, *kāla* and sankhyā in relation to P. explained 1437-38; eight kinds of P. named in Hathayogapradīpikā 1443, five prāṇas named in Tai S 1433; for *ekāgratā* P. is the means 1437; germ of the theory of the importance of P in Br Up. 433, great eulogy of P. in Manu (as highest tapas) and Smṛtis 1440-41, 1443; *japa* of om, Gāyatrī and Vyāhṛtis in P prescribed by Smṛtis and medieval works, though Y S. and bhāṣya silent on this 1439, japa for P. in Sandhyāvandana set out 1442n; Kumbhaka, why so called 1139n; Kumbhaka performed after pūraka, if not learnt under an expert, may cause harm to heart etc, 1441; literally P. means 'restraint or pause of prāṇa' 1432, practice of P leads to dwindling of *kleśas*, makes Yogin's mind fit for dhāraṇā and free from sins, acc to Manu and others 32-0n, 1440-41; Prāṇa and Asu in Ṛgveda mean 'breath' 1432; Purāṇas and others added five more. prāṇas 1436; recaka, pūraka, kumbhaka (terms) used by Devala Dharmasūtra, but not by Y. S. and its bhāṣya which employ '*śvāsa*', '*praśvāsa*' and '*gativiccheda*' 1438-39, Recaka and others illustrated in Kuvalayānanda's handbook on P. 1442n; simplest mode of practising P described 1440, sūtras on Dharma shows that P had been regarded as a sort of penance for removing taint attached to sins or misadventures 1436; synonyms of, 1432: three kinds of viz. mild, moderate and keen when pause is kept for 36, 72 and 108 mātrās respectively 1437; three views on duration of pūraka, kumbhaka, recaka 1438; value of P. for physical health and for spiritual purposes 1441; word P. not found in principal Up but occurs frequently in Dharmasūtras 1436.