Studies in Ancient Hindu Polity (Based on the Arthashastra of Kautilya), Vol. I c8.s2.4

c8.s2.4

The process began when the animal was brought to attach itself to a herd of tamed elephants, and lost its wildness by contact with them; this was called the यूथगत (juthagata) stage of the training. Then the animal was cleverly thrown into a pit specially dug, to subdue its ferocity; this was the अपपातगत (apapâtagata) stage. The next step in the taming (वारिगत—vârigata) was to keep the animal confined within a particular area of the forest instead of allowing it to roam at large.