Administration and Social Life under Vijayanagar c10.s2.91

c10.s2.91

Secondly the political element which was predominant in the European feudalism was lacking in the *nāyaṅkara* system. The tenure of the Vijayanagar *nāyaka* who held his land of the king was more in the nature of a military fief and was known as the *amaram* tenure. Further the Vijayanagar kings were more ready to charge their *nāyakas* with onerous responsibilities and duties than prepared to safeguard their interests. As Nuniz says they were liable to be ruined and their property taken away if they did not meet their obligations at the proper time.¹²⁷ But in feudal Europe "tenancy at will grew into tenancy for life which in its turn extended into a heritage holding."¹²⁸