Administration and Social Life under Vijayanagar c8.s1.9

c8.s1.9

In certain places the kāvalgārs were responsible to the villagers themselves. The villagers generally sold the right of policing, pāḍikāval as it was called. According to a damaged record at Teṉṉaṅguḍi in the Kuḷattūr taluk of the Pudukkōṭṭai State, the residents of Aṇṇalvāśal in Vaḍakōṇāḍu sold the pāḍikāval right in the village for 150 śakkarapaṇams.⁸⁷ Similarly when a few kaḷavēlaikkārar sought refuge in an assembly composed of certain specified groups of people in Jambukēśvaram and Śrīraṅgam, they were assigned the duty of guarding their lands and lives from injury. In return for this they were permitted to collect from each family of the eighteen castes (*padiṇeṇ bhūmi śamayattār*) one *paṇam* annually and one ring on each marriage occasion.⁸⁸