Pre-Buddhist India: A Political, Administrative, Economic, Social and Geographical Survey of Ancient India Based Mainly on the Jataka Stories c3.s2.t2.28

c3.s2.t2.28

Dummukha seems to have been a famous personality. According to the *Kumbhakāra Jātaka*,³ his kingdom was styled Uttara-Pañcālaṭṭha. His capital was Kampillanagara. He is represented to have renounced the world in company with his contemporary kings, viz., Karaṇḍu of Kaliṅga, Naggaji of Gandhāra and Nimi of Videha.⁴ The contemporariety of these four Kings is also attested to by the Jaina *Uttarādhyayana Sūtra*⁵ in a similar *gāthā*. The Vedic evidence, as pointed out by Raychaudhury,⁶ also goes in support of this. "Durmukha, the Pañcāla king, had a priest named Bṛhaduktha,⁷ who was the son of Vāmadeva.⁸ Vāmadeva was a contemporary of Somaka, the son of Sahadeva.⁹ Somaka had close spiritual relationship with Bhīma, king of Vidarbha, and Nagnajit, king of Gandhāra".¹⁰ Thus if the above synchronism be accepted as correct, we shall have to hold all these kings to be contemporaneous with one another, viz., Somaka Sāhadevya,¹¹ Durmukha Pañcāla, Bhīma Vaidarbha and Nagnajit Gāndhāra.¹ The Vedic texts do not mention Karaṇḍu or Nimi.²