Pre-Buddhist India: A Political, Administrative, Economic, Social and Geographical Survey of Ancient India Based Mainly on the Jataka Stories c3.s2.t2.44

c3.s2.t2.44

It is difficult to assign to him any particular date or place among the Pañcāla kings known to us. Janaka’s Pañcāla contemporary, as we know,⁶ was the famous Pravāhaṇa Jaivali. If the Nimi mentioned in our Jātaka as a contemporary of Dummukha be the same as the penultimate king of Janaka’s family mentioned in the Nimi Jātaka,⁷ then Dummukha must be placed after Janaka, and hence later than Pravāhaṇa Jaivali.⁸ But this does not seem possible, for it would bring down Dummukha much lower in time, and would thus go against the unquestionable verdict of the Aitareya Brāhmaṇa which refers to him as an ancient king. Dummukha, therefore, appears to our mind to have lived prior to Pravāhaṇa Jaivali.⁹