Pre-Buddhist India: A Political, Administrative, Economic, Social and Geographical Survey of Ancient India Based Mainly on the Jataka Stories c4.t5.25

c4.t5.25

1. J., I, pp. 260, 470; II, pp 98, 125; III, pp. 376, 408; IV, pp. 335, 414; VI, p. 43.
2. J., I, pp. 263, 264 “Samatthā rāhasamattā abhejjavārasūrā mahāyodhā….amacca-sahassā”; also III, pp. 5, 6.
3. J., II, p. 401.
4. J., VI, pp. 579-G. 2373 “Tato satthisahassāni yudhirocarudassanā; Ibid., p. 588 Saha-jātā satthisahassā amaccā; and G. 2335. Bhāradvāja, as quoted by Kauṭilya, is of the opinion that the king should employ his classmates as his ministers “for they can be trusted by him in as much as he has personal knowledge of their honesty and capacity. Other pre-Kauṭilya political thinkers differ. Arthaśāstra, I, 8.
5. Cf. J., V, p. 178 “Senāpatipamukhāni aśīṭiamaccasahassāni.”
6. J., VI, p. 2 “Mama puttassa parivārā….amaccakulesu jātadārakā”
7. J. A. O. S., 13, p. 101 The epic nobility comprised royal allies, family connections, subject kings used to a lesser degree, the priests: Mātāmacca is of constant occurrence in the Jātakas, as for instance, V, p. 123-G. 40, 178-G. 191, 223 G. 116, VI, p. 94-G. 403.
8. Cf. for instance J., IV, p. 335, where the ministers, when asked to interpret a dream, frankly refer the king to the Brāhmaṇas for its solution for they themselves do not know anything about such spiritual things: “The Brāhmaṇas know it, O great king.”
9. J., IV, pp. 283, 370, 408, 437.
10. J., I, p. 248; II, pp. 98, 125. Fick remarks on this hereditary character of the ministers, “…and in consequence of this hereditary character to which probably, as in the case of the Khattiyas, a specially developed class consciousness is joined.” op. cit., p. 143.