Pre-Buddhist India: A Political, Administrative, Economic, Social and Geographical Survey of Ancient India Based Mainly on the Jataka Stories c4.t7.23

c4.t7.23

When a person was to be announced as to be executed, special execution-drum (vajjabherī) was beaten.¹² The condemned man was tightly bound, his hands behind his back, and a garland of red flowers (kaṇṇavera vajjamālā) was placed around his neck. He was sprinkled with brick-dust on his head and then, scourged with whips on every square (catukka), was led away through the South gates, to the place of execution (āghāṭa) to the music of harsh-sounding drum.¹³