Pre-Buddhist India: A Political, Administrative, Economic, Social and Geographical Survey of Ancient India Based Mainly on the Jataka Stories c5.t3.120

c5.t3.120

¹ Thus remarks Prof. Rangaswami: "Whether we accept or not the theory of an original or ultimate State-ownership of all land, individual ownership of a permanent character must be admitted, on the evidence available, as having existed virtually all through Hindu history." op cit., p. 104. After a very minute examination of the problem, Prof. K. M. Gupta, also, comes, more or less, to a similar conclusion: *Land Systems*, pp. 99 ff. See also C. H. I., I, p. 200. Hopkins says, "He (the peasant) owned land as against his fellow-subjects, but he owned it as against the king, just as the jackal owns what the tiger wants." *India, Old and New*, pp. 225-6; See also Jayaswal, *Hindu Polity*, II, pp. 174-83; Ghoshal, *History of the Hindu Revenue Systems*.