Local Government in Ancient India c7.34

c7.34

¹ **संघवृत्तम्।** In the Jaina literature, e. g. *Kalpasūtra*, the terms *gaṇa*, *kula*, and *śākhā* are used in distinct senses. *Gaṇa* designates the school derived from one teacher; *kula*, the succession of teachers in one line; *śākhā*, the lines which branch off from one teacher. The Jaina inscriptions of Mathurā assigned to the age of Kaniṣka (*Ep. Ind.*, vols. I and II) constantly use the terms *gaṇa*, *kula*, *śākhā*, and sometimes *sambhoza* (Lüders's List, no. 27), e. g. the *Kottiya* (*Kauṭṭika*) *gaṇa*, the *Thāniya* (*sthānīya*) *kula*, the *Śrī-gṛha sambhoga*, the *Āryyaverī* (*ārya-vajrī*) *śākhā*. In the *Vinaya*, vol. IV, p. 226, there is mention of *saṅgha*, *gaṇa*, *pūga*, and *seṇī*. The terms occur in other places too, e. g. *Cullavagga* (V. 5, 2; VIII. 4) where it is the turn of a *pūga* to feed the *saṅgha*.