Chandragupta Maurya and His Times c11.50

c11.50

**Art of Fortification.** The development of towns implied that of the art of fortification for which there is a standard plan handed down from earlier times. The descriptions of the Greek writers of what they had seen of the Indian fortifications at the cities like Pushkalāvatī, Maśakāvatī, or Varaṇā (Aornos) and at Pāṭaliputra, and the prescriptions laid down in the *Kauṭilīya* apply also to the cities described in the Epics. The Epic city was protected by ditches and battlemented towers, covered ways, water-gates, and portcullises.