Theory of Government in Ancient India (Post-Vedic) c13.45

c13.45

Intricate, indeed, is the policy of the kings. It is so difficult for ordinary people to comprehend it. A sound policy alone consolidates a kingdom. Duryodhana had acquired his dominions by evil means, but he was engaged in consolidating his power through wisdom. He had divided his day and night into a definite time-table and spent his hours "in the performance of his various acts supported by precepts of sound policy." He behaved with the frankness of a loving friend to his dependents. He treated his friends as relatives and brothers, while his kinsmen were veritable kings. Punishment was to accord with old and wise legislation, and must be proper, impartial and dispassionate. Rich awards and dignities were bestowed on retainers for the success of their errands. At the same time, the army, the elephant corps, the feudal militia—all were kept in readiness. Spies and envoys brought accurate information of the doings of vassals. This course of policy had the desired result. His edicts were borne like wreaths of flowers, by "the rulers of men." Draupadī represents a fiery, warlike policy and, in the ardour of her enthusiasm for his cause, would like her husband to break his vow of not returning to the city for twelve years. Glory, fame, prosperity—at any cost, such was her motto. Bhīma, the brother of Yudhiṣṭhira, countenances this Machiavellianism. Mildness is a crime. Slavish adherence to promises is a folly. Yudhiṣṭhira, however, would have none of it. All angry passions must be controlled. Truth wins in the end. Vyāsa appears on the scene and counsels the acquisition of strength to achieve high aims.¹