Theory of Government in Ancient India (Post-Vedic) c9.s1.22

c9.s1.22

In Yājñavalkya, as in his predecessors, the scope of the activity of the government coincides with the whole field of human life. For example, it is the duty of the king to discipline and set right families, castes, and all guilds and associations—Śreṇīs, Gaṇas and Janapadas—who may have deviated from their duties.² The social order has to be maintained with a firm hand. It was in the shape of the rod that Brahman had created justice. The rod must be hurled ceaselessly on the heads of evil-doers. The king should not allow even his brothers, sons or parents-in-law, if they are guilty of any crimes, to go unpunished. To inflict punishment or death on those who deserve it, is to perform many sacrifices and bestow the finest gifts. But punishment is never to be arbitrary. It must conform to the scriptures. When it is lawful, it brings glory, victory and heaven to the king. Otherwise, it devastates all.³ If this supreme task of maintaining order is to be well-performed, it is essential that power should rest in the hands of those who are endowed with wisdom, purity and truthfulness, who are free from greed and who command excellent assistance.