Theory of Government in Ancient India (Post-Vedic) c9.s1.51

c9.s1.51

Brâhmaṇas. Kṣatriyas may freely become agriculturists. Vaiśyas and Śūdras alike may take to agriculture, handicrafts and with certain restrictions, to trade. Śūdras are permitted to trade in salt, honey, oil, milk, butter, curds, etc., but are debarred from dealing in liquor or meat. Śūdras, like others, should lead an upright life and, *inter alia*, should abstain from forbidden food. But on no account are they to adopt a scholastic career. The study of the Vedas, on their part, is equivalent to a most heinous crime.¹ On social law, as on the law of libel, Parâśara allows the caste privileges which had received the sanction of his predecessors. He emphasises the necessity of protecting the earth, maintaining order with a stern hand and conquering the enemy's forces. Taxes should be mild. The king should gather flowers but should not uproot the plant.²