The State in Ancient India: A Study in the Structure and Practical Working of Political Institutions in North India in Ancient Times c11.70

c11.70

¹ Of the writers, Arrian (Arrianus), philosopher, statesman, historian and tactician, was born towards the close of the first century A.D. at Nikomedia in Bithynia in Asia Minor and died in the reign of Marcus Aurelius. Strabo flourished in the reigns of the Emperors Augustus and Tiberius (27 B.C.—A.D. 37) in Pontos, and wrote a sort of universal geography. Diodorus Siculus, born at Agyrium in Sicily, flourished in the days of Julius Cæsar and Augustus (49 B.C.—A.D. 14) and composed the Bibliotheca Historia, a Universal History. Quintus Curtius Rufus lived probably in the reign of the Emperor Vespasian (A.D. 70—79). He wrote a life of Alexander Plutarch, the famous author of the Parallel Lives of Greek and Roman heroes, was born at Chairo-naia in Boiotia about the middle of the first century A.D. Pliny (A.D. 23—79) wrote the Encyclopaedic Historia Naturalis. Claudius Ptolemacus (Ptolemy) wrote his Outline of Geography (Geographike Hyphegesis) in the nature of a universal survey, at Alexandria. For English rendering, McCrindle, Ancient India as described by Megasthenes and Arrian, Calcutta, 1877 Ancient India as described in Classical Literature, Westminster, 1901; Invasion of India by Alexander the Great as described by Arrian, Q. Curtis Rufus, Diodorus, Plutarch and Justin. Westminster, 1896. For Modern accounts of Alexander's Invasion of India, see V. A. Smith, Early History of India, 4th edition, pp. 52—120; E. R. Bevan, Cambridge History of India, I, 345—386.