The State in Ancient India: A Study in the Structure and Practical Working of Political Institutions in North India in Ancient Times c15.12

c15.12

Fâ-hien’s observations are of an entirely general nature and may be noticed first of all. The country was well governed; order was maintained; life and property were secure; the roads were safe for travellers. The government did not interfere much in the life of the people; there were no pass-port regulations, and no registration of households. He remarks that slaughter of animals or drinking was unknown in the country, but he does not mention that either was interdicted by the government. The Guptas were Brahmanists but they observed the rule of toleration and generosity towards all sects. Fâ-hien notes that many Buddhist monasteries enjoyed royal grants of land. The criminal law was mild. Fines were the usual form of punishment. Rebellion or brigandage was punished by amputation of the hand. It may, however, be doubted if Fâ-hien is correct in the statement that capital punishment was altogether unknown. The revenue was derived chiefly from the crown-lands. Fâ-hien mentions free hospitals but only says that they had been founded by benevolent citizens. Those at Pâṭaliputra sheltered the destitute, cripple and diseased from any region. Medicine food, drink, and all comforts were provided free. There is an interesting notice that the kings of Gandhâra were Brâhmaṇas.¹