The Positive Background of Hindu Sociology c10.s12.13

c10.s12.13

The first *chakravartti* or world-ruler of the world according to the Jainas is Bharata⁷ and he was the son of Ṛiṣabha the promulgator or first *Tīrthaṃkara* of Jainism. There were 23 *Tīrthaṃkaras* previous to Mahāvīra, whose immediate predecessor was Pārśva, the twenty-third after Ṛiṣabha.