The Positive Background of Hindu Sociology c14.s9.t5.7

c14.s9.t5.7

14. The *guṇas* (military attitudes) described virtually on the sole authority of Kāmandaka. 15. The sphere of twelve kings (*Dvadaśarājamaṇḍala*). Nīlakaṇṭha's authorities are Manu and Yājñavalkya. He has a verse from the *Rājamānasollāsa*. But it is strange that his favourite author Kāmandaka who is an authority on the doctrine of *maṇḍala* has been ignored by him in connection with this important topic. Nīlakaṇṭha has, however, thrown some fresh light on the kinds of friends, foes etc. Each has to be taken as falling into three classes, says he (p. 67). The first is the *sahaja* (natural) friend or foe, coming from among intimate relatives. The *kritrima* friend or foe is one who, because of benefits rendered or injuries inflicted by either side, becomes friendly or inimical. The third class of friends, foes etc. is called the *prākrita*. It comprises those states which are technically known as friends, foes etc. on account of their territorial or geographical propinquity, the neighbour being the enemy, the one next to the neighbour being the friend and so on. 16. The ministers, among whom the son is included. Kāmandaka is the chief authority. 17. The friend. 18. The treasure. Varāhamihira, the *Mahābhārata* and Kāmandaka are quoted. 19. The country and the people. 20. Forts. 21. The army. Varāhamihira, Māgha, Kāmandaka, and the *Mahābhārata* are the authorities. 22. Elephants. Four pages are devoted to this animal. The only authority quoted is Varāhamihira. 23. Horses, described on the strength of Varāhamihira. 24. The representative or ambassador. 25. The Spy. Kāmandaka is the authority for these two sections.