The Positive Background of Hindu Sociology c15.s2.7

c15.s2.7

"What is sovereignty?" is then the moot question to be attacked by all political philosophers. The problem was grasped by the *dharma* (*smriti*) and *artha* (*nīti*) theorists of India also. It is to be remembered, however, that we are here concerned with the thought which prevailed in the world ages before the ideas discussed in Preuss's *Gemeinde, Staat und Reich als Gebietskörperschaften* (1889), Leory-Beaulieu's *L'Etat moderne et ses fonctions* (1890), Novicow's *Les Luttes entre sociétés humaines et leurs phases successives* (1893), Lecky's *Democracy and Liberty* (1896), Michel's *L'Idée de l'Etat* (1898), Merriam's *History of the Theory of Sovereignty since Rousseau* (1900), Scherger's *Evolution of Modern Liberty* (1904), Joseph-Barthélemy's *Rôle du pouvoir executif dans les républiques modernes* (1906), Duguit's *Le Droit social, le droit individuel et la transformation de l'état* (1908), Hobhouse's *Social Evolution and Political Theory* (1911), Barker's *Political Thought in England from Spencer to the Present Day* (1914), Lenin's *State and Revolution* (1917), Laski's *Studies in the Problem of Sovereignty* (1918), Joseph- Barthélemy's *Problème de la Compétence dans la démocratie* (1918), Watson's *State in Peace and War* (1919), Spann's *Der wahre Staat* (1921), Dewey's *Human Nature and Conduct* (1922), Van den Bruck: *Das dritte Reich* (1923), Hitler's *Mein Kampf* (1924), Sorokin's *Sociology of Revolution* (1925), Meinecke's *Idee der Staatsräson* (1925), Hocking's *Man and the State* (1926) and *The Spirit of World Politics* (1932), Redanò's *Le Stato Etico* (1927), Masaryk's *Making of a State* (1927), Karl Haushofer's *Geopolitik der Pan-Ideen* (1931) and *Raumüberwindende Mächte* (1934), Bouglé's *Socialismes Français* (1933), Köllreutter's *Grundriss der Allgemeinen Staatslehre* (1933), Lasbax's *La France ira-t-elle à un Troisième Empire?* (1934) and Del Vecchio's *Saggi Intorno allo Stato* (1935). The development of political philosophy in the world since the American war of independence and the first industrial revolution should as a rule be left out of the consideration while examining the categories of thought created by the Indian philosophers from Gautama and Kauṭalya to Jagannātha and Chitnis.