Mughal Administration c3.21

c3.21

Mughal rule gave India administrative union and homogeneity, 238—but not nationality, 239—Muslim gifts: history, 239—contact with the outer world, 241—monotheistic Hindu sects, 242—Sufi brotherhood, 243—social manners of N. India Islamised, 243—architecture and art, 244—strength of the Muslim position in India, 245—Muhammadan settlers Indianised, 246—disruptive forces in State, 248—people make no progress, 250—decline of the aristocracy, 251—causes of deterioration of Indian Muhammadans, 252—weakness of all oriental monarchies, 253—the lessons of Indian history, 255.