Mughal Administration c5.s3.8

c5.s3.8

The second characteristic is that the Government was military in its origin, and though in time it became rooted to the soil, it retained its military character to the last. Every official of the Mughal Government had to be enrolled in the army list; he was given a *mansab* as the nominal commander of so many horsemen, which determined his pay and status. Civil servants, judges of Canon Law, superintendents of post, excise or customs, and even clerks and accountants of the higher grades, were all ranked as *mansabdārs*, *i.e.*, members of the army. Their names were arranged in the gradation-list of the army, they were paid by the *Bakhshis* or military paymasters and their promotion took the form of an increase in their nominal command. From this it followed that the Treasury or spending department of the Government was only one for the civil and military services alike, or in strict theory there was no civil Treasury at all. We should, however, remember that though the salary-bills were passed by the *Bakhshis* or military paymasters, the actual payment (except to the field army during a campaign)