The Political Institutions and Theories of the Hindus: A Study in Comparative Politics c11.t23.10

c11.t23.10

Altogether, there were at least fifty different names under which revenues flowed into the treasury. For our present purpose we shall classify them into eight modern categories: (1) land revenue, including the income from forests and gardens, (2) customs duties, (3) excise on sales, (4) "direct" property taxes of various denominations, (5) fines as penalties for all sorts of offence, (6) economic "earnings" or profits from the commercial undertakings of the naval department, (7) income from the crown monopolies in extractive (mine, salt, etc) and other industries (8) miscellaneous collections like port-dues, etc.