The Political Institutions and Theories of the Hindus: A Study in Comparative Politics c11.t23.8

c11.t23.8

Each of these sources is described in detail in the *Artha-śâs* The several items of income from the "country", the second in the above grouping, comprised six heads. Crown-lands yielded the first revenue that was known as *sîtâ*. The second head was *bhâga* (share) or revenue in kind realized from private landlords. A special tax, *bali*, was demanded for religious purposes corresponding to the dues realized by Athens for the festivities. Sundry collections known as *kara* were made in money. *Târa* was the toll realized on boats, ferries and ships. The sixth item consisted of various dues, *vartanî* (road-cess), *śulka* (toll), etc. and was levied as a rate on all traffic.