The Political Institutions and Theories of the Hindus: A Study in Comparative Politics c11.t9.5

c11.t9.5

¹ It must not be ignored, however, that some of the *ideas* and institutions described in the *Mahâbhârata*, the *Manu Samhitâ*, the *nîti-śâstras* and the *dhanur-vedas* may have been older than Kautilya. *Cf.* *Śukra-nîti*, Ch. IV, sec. vii. Note the relative proportion of the constituents of the army in lines 41—52, and the eight battle-arrays in lines 527—536; *J. A. O. S.*, 1889 (military tactics, pp. 192—219; chariots, pp. 235—262; cavalry, 262—265; Elephant riders, 265—269; weapons, 269—308). See the list of weapons in the *Râmâyana* (*Vâla-kânda*, Ch. XXVII). Some of these and other literary evidences have been used in P. Swami's pamphlet on *Warfare in Ancient India*, and in Banerjea's *Public*, 196—218. But such material has been avoided by the present author.