The Military System of the Marathas, with a Brief Account of Their Maritime Activities c20.29

c20.29

Golandaz—(From *gola*, a ball, and *andakhtan*, to throw) Gunner. Gumashta—Agent or factor. *Hon* — Gold coin (from Canarese *honnu*, gold). Wilson quoted in *Hobson Jobson*, p. 425. The value of this coin varied at different places and different times. From a manuscript in the Bodleian Library (Rawlinson Manuscript 841, fol. 1) it appears that the weight of a Kaveripak pagoda (or hon) was 2 dw. 5 gr. 8m. ½ atts and its value in Madras currency (in 1679-80) was 18 fanams 1 cash. ‘Accounts at Madras down to 1818 were kept in pagodas, fanams and Kas; and 8 Kas = 1 fanam, 42 fanams = 1 pagoda. In the year named the rupee was made the standard coin. The pagoda was then reckoned as equivalent to 3½ rupees.’ *Hobson Jobson*, p. 653. *Houdah* — Seat carried by an elephant. *Howda* — See *Houdah*. *Inam* — ‘Arabic. *in’am*, “a gift” (from a superior), “a favour” but specially in India a gift of rent free land; also land so held.’ *Hobson Jobson*, p. 433. *Jahgir* — (from *Jah*, a place, and *giriftan*, to take.) ‘An assignment of the land revenue of a certain number of villages or of a sub-division.’ Irvine, *The Army of the Indian Moghuls*, p. 14. *Jamadar* — Petty officer. *Jamadar* — Treasurer. *Jari Patka* — ‘The Banner, “Zari-patta” which was always carried before Ragobah, was small and swallow-tailed of crimson and gold tissue with gold fringes and tassels.’ Egerton of Tatton, *Indian and Oriental Armour*, p. 114. *Jasud* — Scout. *Jejala* — (*Jajail* or *Gingall*). ‘A wall-piece or swivel gun.’ Irvine, *The Army of the Indian Moghuls*, pp. 109-11. ‘They use large heavy wall pieces called gingalls, which send a ball of two or more ounces to a very considerable distance.’ Fitzclarence, *Journal of a Route across India*, p. 246. *Jinsa* — Grand park of artillery. See p. 149. Irvine interprets *Jinsi* as ‘the artillery attached to the emperor’s person.’ *The Army of the Indian Moghuls*, p. 133. *Karbhari* — ‘A manager or Major domo.’ Molesworth, *A Dictionary—Marathi and English*, p. 159. ‘An agent, a manager.’ *Hobson Jobson*, p. 475. *Karkounas* — More correctly, *korkhono*, a workshop, a manufactory. The word, when applied to a state department, means a royal establishment. See Sen, *Administrative System of the Marathas*, p. 668. *Kaul* — Writing of assurance, agreement or engagements as granted by Government. *Kaveripak Hon* — See *Hon*. *Khalasi* — Seaman, chainman, tentpitcher, gunner or artillery man. *Khandi* — Measure of weight equivalent to twenty maunds. *Khasnis* — Private scribe of king or grandee. *Khijmatgar* — More correctly *khidmatgar* (from Arabic *khidmat*, service), a servant. *Kuran* — Ground preserved for growing grass.