Shudras in Ancient India: A Social History of the Lower Order down to circa A.D. 600 c12.278

c12.278

1. The possessive pronoun does not occur in the text, but Kull. interprets the passage to apply only to a man’s own servants. This seems to be more in the spirit of Manu than if it were taken as referring to all slaves, sharecroppers etc. Manu, IV, 353. The term ārdhikaḥ has been wrongly translated as “labourer in tillage” in SBE, xxv, 168. The cow-herd is used in the sense of an ābhīra in the Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali.
2. Pat. on Pā., II. 4.10.
3. Manu, XI. 153.
4. Ibid., XI. 149 with the comm. of Kull.
5. Ibid , XI. 156.
6. Ibid., X. 157.
7. Manu, X. 126. Rāghavānanda also includes the act of keeping a slaughter-house with this.