Shudras in Ancient India: A Social History of the Lower Order down to circa A.D. 600 c13.149
Śūdras in Ancient India: A Social History of the Lower Order down to circa A.D. 600 c13.149
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c13.149
Again, if the interpretation of the term *uparikara* as a tax levied on temporary peasants is accepted,⁷ it would appear that the *dāsas* and *karmakaras*, who worked in the fields of the state or of the individual proprietors in the early period, were now being temporarily provided with lands.