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Shudras in Ancient India: A Social History of the Lower Order down to circa A.D. 600 c13.39

Śūdras in Ancient India: A Social History of the Lower Order down to circa A.D. 600 c13.39

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English

c13.39

Inscriptions do not mention the śūdras as a varṇa, but land grants repeatedly refer to the tax-paying peasants and artisans and indicate the process through which aboriginal tracts were annexed to brāhmaṇical society. A few epigraphs speaks of the artisans' guilds. All this helps us to determine the nature of changes in the social and economic conditions of the śūdras.